隱蔽性對(duì)生存能力至關(guān)重要，但無論是部隊(duì)還是車輛，無論白天還是黑夜，在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上有效地隱蔽已不再像以前那樣明確。

　　Concealment is crucial for survival ability, but whether it is troops or vehicles, day or night, effective concealment on the battlefield is no longer as clear as before.

　　借助良好的偽裝，躲避敵人，遠(yuǎn)離視線，是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中生存的基本要求。長(zhǎng)期以來，使用天然或局部覆蓋物以及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偽裝網(wǎng)一直是隱藏部隊(duì)、車輛、裝甲等的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做法；樹林中的樹枝和當(dāng)?shù)貥淙~，開闊草原上用于個(gè)人偽裝的長(zhǎng)草，農(nóng)場(chǎng)環(huán)境中用于覆蓋裝甲車的干草包和白色塑料布。你明白了。其目的是盡可能地融入周圍的景觀和環(huán)境，也可以通過修改這些環(huán)境，使它們看起來也類似于隱藏的資產(chǎn)；在臨時(shí)裝置上繪制破壞性圖案，使用虛擬或誘餌資產(chǎn)將敵人的視線從真實(shí)物體上移開——這都是簡(jiǎn)單、基本的偽裝和隱蔽練習(xí)。然而，今天的戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)遠(yuǎn)非直截了當(dāng)。

　　The basic requirement for survival in war is to use good camouflage, avoid enemies, and stay out of sight. For a long time, the use of natural or local coverings and standard camouflage nets has been the standard practice for hiding troops, vehicles, armor, etc; Branches and local leaves in the forest, long grass used for personal camouflage on open grasslands, hay bags and white plastic sheeting used to cover armored vehicles in farm environments. You understand now. Its purpose is to integrate as much as possible into the surrounding landscape and environment, and it can also be modified to make these environments look similar to hidden assets; Drawing destructive patterns on temporary devices and using virtual or decoy assets to shift the enemy's gaze away from real objects - these are simple, basic camouflage and concealment exercises. However, today's battlefield is far from straightforward.

　　在當(dāng)今傳感器密集的環(huán)境中，作戰(zhàn)人員比以往任何時(shí)候都更難躲避敵人的觀察和監(jiān)視，無論他們的偽裝或藏身之處有多好。自冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以來，由于缺乏實(shí)踐和關(guān)注非對(duì)等沖突，偽裝和隱蔽的基本技能似乎已經(jīng)喪失。正是傳感器技術(shù)的最新進(jìn)展，現(xiàn)在可以在黑暗中“看到”，穿過遮蔽物、霧，幾乎所有東西，甚至探測(cè)的前景——這通常會(huì)導(dǎo)致破壞——使得在當(dāng)今的戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上進(jìn)行有效的隱蔽變得極其具有挑戰(zhàn)性。也就是說，基本技能仍然是絕對(duì)必要的，好消息是，有技術(shù)可以提高被敵人發(fā)現(xiàn)的可能性。

　　In today's sensor intensive environment, it is more difficult than ever for combatants to evade enemy observation and surveillance, no matter how well disguised or hidden they are. Since the end of the Cold War, the basic skills of disguise and concealment seem to have been lost due to a lack of practice and attention to non reciprocal conflicts. It is the latest advances in sensor technology that make it possible to "see" in the dark, through cover, fog, almost everything, and even the prospect of detection - which often leads to destruction - that make effective concealment on today's battlefield extremely challenging. That is to say, basic skills are still absolutely necessary, and the good news is that there is technology that can increase the likelihood of being discovered by enemies.

　　本文通過偽裝和隱蔽的一些基本原理、面臨的挑戰(zhàn)和烏克蘭戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)的相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，簡(jiǎn)要介紹了偽裝和隱蔽，然后介紹了一些最新技術(shù)和先進(jìn)的隱蔽解決方案，這些技術(shù)和解決方案可以提高在當(dāng)今威脅下的生存機(jī)會(huì)。

　　This article briefly introduces camouflage and concealment through some basic principles, challenges faced, and relevant experience on the Ukrainian battlefield. Then, it introduces some latest technologies and advanced concealment solutions that can improve survival opportunities under today's threats.

　　該領(lǐng)域的新威脅

　　New threats in this field

　　對(duì)于沖突雙方的士兵來說，隱藏意味著在烏克蘭活著，正如網(wǎng)上發(fā)布的許多視頻所顯示的那樣，尤其是在使用新時(shí)代的頭頂威脅的情況下。雙方使用的無人駕駛飛行器（UAV）、巡航彈藥和第一人稱視角（FPV）無人機(jī)改變了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的面貌，躲避這些威脅性的空中危險(xiǎn)已成為雙方的主要生存問題。例如，2023年底，俄羅斯在基輔、巴赫穆特和前線其他地區(qū)夜間使用無人機(jī)開始威脅烏克蘭軍隊(duì)，夜間發(fā)動(dòng)了新的、更頻繁的襲擊。從那以后，他們的數(shù)量只增長(zhǎng)了。烏克蘭軍隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，無論他們多么安靜，偽裝得多么好，無論是在網(wǎng)下還是在樹葉下，他們?nèi)匀挥斜粺o人機(jī)發(fā)現(xiàn)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。夜間使用的無人機(jī)可以配備各種傳感設(shè)備，包括微光相機(jī)、圖像增強(qiáng)管和熱成像（TI）相機(jī)。這些都使其用戶能夠?qū)撤揭归g活動(dòng)構(gòu)成威脅，如后勤和補(bǔ)給，以及偵察、戰(zhàn)斗巡邏等。據(jù)報(bào)道，它們甚至比火炮更致命、更準(zhǔn)確。

　　For soldiers on both sides of the conflict, hiding means living in Ukraine, as shown in many videos posted online, especially when using new era overhead threats. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), cruise ammunition, and first person perspective (FPV) drones by both sides has changed the face of war, and avoiding these threatening aerial dangers has become the main survival issue for both sides. For example, by the end of 2023, Russia began using drones at night in Kiev, Bakhmut, and other areas on the front lines to threaten the Ukrainian military, launching new and more frequent attacks at night. Since then, their numbers have only increased. The Ukrainian military has found that no matter how quiet or well disguised they are, whether under the net or under the leaves, they still face the risk of being detected by drones. Drones used at night can be equipped with various sensing devices, including low light cameras, image enhancement tubes, and thermal imaging (TI) cameras. All of these enable its users to pose a threat to enemy nighttime activities, such as logistics and supply, as well as reconnaissance, combat patrols, and so on. According to reports, they are even more deadly and accurate than artillery.

　　其中，TI攝像頭構(gòu)成了特別值得注意的威脅。問題？熱信號(hào)。無論是人員、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)溫暖的車輛，還是其他散熱場(chǎng)景/部署，白天都可能偽裝得很好，但在黑暗中，它們會(huì)像圣誕樹一樣亮起來，讓任何TI傳感器都能看到。

　　Among them, TI cameras pose a particularly noteworthy threat. The problem? Hot signal. Whether it's personnel, vehicles with warm engines, or other cooling scenarios/deployments, they may disguise themselves well during the day, but in the dark, they will light up like a Christmas tree, visible to any TI sensor.

　　適應(yīng)和應(yīng)對(duì)這一威脅一直很困難，但烏克蘭軍隊(duì)已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了有意識(shí)地考慮他們?cè)谝归g采取的每一個(gè)行動(dòng)，無論多么小。他們也改變了日常工作，承擔(dān)了以前在完全黑暗中進(jìn)行的任務(wù)，如物流和補(bǔ)給，所以現(xiàn)在這些任務(wù)是在灰色時(shí)期——黃昏或黎明前——處理的，這是白天周期中最難清楚分辨任何物體的時(shí)期。然而，對(duì)烏克蘭人來說，沒有什么是完全有效的，因此傳統(tǒng)的偽裝和使用他們自己的低光、圖像增強(qiáng)器和TI設(shè)備來幫助檢測(cè)這些頭頂威脅，幾乎是目前的方法，盡管這可能有其缺點(diǎn)，包括設(shè)備電池壽命限制、視野受限和疲勞。

　　Adapting to and responding to this threat has always been difficult, but the Ukrainian military has learned to consciously consider every action they take at night, no matter how small. They have also changed their daily work and taken on tasks that were previously carried out in complete darkness, such as logistics and supplies, so now these tasks are processed during the gray period - dusk or dawn - which is the most difficult time to clearly distinguish any object in the daytime cycle. However, for Ukrainians, nothing is completely effective, so traditional camouflage and the use of their own low light, image intensifier, and TI devices to help detect these overhead threats are almost the current methods, although this may have its drawbacks, including device battery life limitations, limited visibility, and fatigue.

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